Tuesday, April 15, 2008

Foe


“We must make Friday’s silence speak, as well as the silence surrounding Friday”(142). Because Friday can not speak they try to teach him to write, Susan begins but gets easily frustrated. Friday shortly after establishes himself at Foe’s desk wearing his wig and his robe. Susan overreacts and tells Foe “He will foul your papers,” and Foe just replies to Susan , “My papers are foul enough, he can make them no worse” (151). Friday was writing “rows and rows of the letter O tightly packed together” (152). Friday was writing the symbol of nothing, an O is a circle, which can also signify the symbol of the world that Friday is not a part of. This scene follows Susan's acknowledgment that "we are all alive, we are all substantial, we are all in the same world," (152) an observation that excluded Friday. The O can also signify that history comes full circle and that colonization by Europeans has occurred over and over, and the fact that Friday has no voice signifies how the Europeans have silenced the people they have colonized.
How does the last chapter of Foe then deal with the chance that the novel itself might signify just another attempt to make Friday speak in the name of interests that are not his own? The novel is arranged in 4 parts that consists first with Susan’s voice, beginning with her version of how she became a castaway. Part 2 consists of Susan writing to Foe to communicate her story so Foe can write it. In part 3 unlike in part 1 or 2 there are no quotation marks, because Susan has taken up her own narrative, narrating her encounter with Foe. In part 4 a ghost narrator appears, who the narrator speaks to and who the narrator is confusing. The end is the last phase of the book where one expects closure, but we get no closure with this ending, we just get another unreliable narrator. The ghost narrator comes to Foe’s home two times, in the first scene he passes the daughter, Susan and Foe are lying in bed, and all three are dead. He then finds Friday, but Friday is alive, feeling a light pulse, feeling his teeth and listens, He hears, “the faintest faraway roar," "like the roar of waves in a seashell." "From his mouth, without a breath, issue the sounds of the island" (154). The part of history that Susan was not capable to tell of the island still belongs to Friday. J.M. Coetzee wants his readers to know that just because Friday can not speak, that does not mean that Friday does not have a history or his version of what happened at the island.
I felt that the end was a dream sequence, a dream that Friday dreamt. Susan, Foe and Susan’s daughter are dead because in Friday’s world they are dead, they don’t seem to live in the world that he lives in. They do not understand him and he understands that they do not understand him. The ending is confusing and I think Coetzee may try here to give Friday a voice, but by making the voice nameless he gives the reader the opportunity to make their own interpretation of what the ending signifies and who is narrating. Friday I believe is a strong character, though he has no language, we as readers want to hear his reality, therefore we want to believe that part 4 is Friday narrating.

4 comments:

Gayle said...

Hi Arleen,

I like your analysis regarding the symbol ‘O’ as being a “symbol of the world that Friday is not a part of”. I am in agreement with you, that although Friday cannot speak, he is not excluded from having a history or a version or . . . a vision.

I had never thought of part 4 as being a ‘dream’ narrative of sorts by Friday, but then since I cannot come up with any better answers I am open to that possibility. I like the originality of it, and I do believe that Coetzee would probably not write in to a novel, a main character that was incommunicative in any manner.

Keli Rowley said...

Hi Arleen,

I like all your insights as to the significance of the letter "O," especially what you say about it being a symbol of the unending cycle of colonization by the Europeans and the fact that it represents the world Friday is not a part of. It seemed to me like Susan intentionally kept him outside of her circle, like because Friday was different from her and couldn't speak, she did not want to let him in or didn't know how.

One other thing I thought of is that novels are almost always written in the same fashion over and over again in an unending cycle, too. Maybe the final chapter is Coetzee's way of breaking free from that cycle.

Also, I love your idea that the final chapter is a dream of Friday's that signifies how Susan, Foe and Susan's daughter are dead to him. I would have never thought of that interpretation, but I think it makes sense in the context. His acceptance of the fact that he and Susan and Foe cannot understand each other may help explain why he doesn't ever leave them or rise up against them or stop obeying them. He simply accepts his situation as it is, interracts with them when needed and most of the time is content to live in his own world.

wendyw said...

Hi Arleen,

I found your idea that the last chapter is really Friday's dream a really interesting one. As you said, it is a legitimate interpretation as he does not speak throughout the novel but he seems to be the symbolic focus in this last part. In dreams the dreamer often plays a part in the dream and certainly we can see Friday dreaming about the people in his life...both Foe and Susan...in dream-like symbolic action. If we look at the last chapter as really Friday's dream, than you have a really interesting point...it is finally Friday's voice and non-voice that we hear. It is a way that Coetzee perhaps allows this character to represent the other...to represent them as someone who is here and not here at the same time...which is, in reality, I imagine how the colonized often feel. I really enjoyed your take on this...it made me think of this chapter in an even deeper way.

Ana A said...

The circling aspect of colonialization was very interesting to read about in your blog. It did/does feel that way as olonization was consistently taking over different people and different places.

And yes I too thought that perhaps Friday was speaking at the end, however, I wasn't fully convinced as there were others also in line for the final narrative part ( Foe, Susan, heck Coetzee too).